---
title: “Let’s all begin singing,” said the Vixen, “and we will eat the anim… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: “Let’s all begin singing,” said the Vixen, “and we will eat the animal who has the thinnest voice.” Who acts: ’s, Vixen, we, animal. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 15, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 15, sentence 82

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“Let’s all begin singing,” said the Vixen, “and we will eat the animal who has the thinnest voice.”

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**Who acts:** ’s, Vixen, we, animal · **What happens:** let, begin, sing, say, eat, have · **To what, where:** animal, thinnest voice · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (’s, Vixen, we, animal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:15:82
# text = “Let’s all begin singing,” said the Vixen, “and we will eat the animal who has the thinnest voice.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	’s	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	all	all	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	begin	begin	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	singing	sing	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Vixen	Vixen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	ccomp	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
21	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	acl:relcl	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	thinnest	thin	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	24	amod	_	_
24	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **begin** *in a quote* | present | ’s |  |  |  |  | all *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **sing** *speech: express* *in a quote* | gerund | ’s *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the Vixen |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **eat** *in a quote* | future | we | the animal |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Patient |
| 6 | **have** *in a quote* | present | the animal | the thinnest voice |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent voice=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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