---
title: From this time forward, the old man, whenever he went into the smith… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: From this time forward, the old man, whenever he went into the smithy, always looked at the devil and said, “Hail, fellow-countryman!” Who acts: man, old man. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 16, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 16, sentence 46

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From this time forward, the old man, whenever he went into the smithy, always looked at the devil and said, “Hail, fellow-countryman!”

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**Who acts:** man, old man · **What happens:** go, look, say · **To what, where:** smithy, Hail · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, old man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:16:46
# text = From this time forward, the old man, whenever he went into the smithy, always looked at the devil and said, “Hail, fellow-countryman!”
1	From	from	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
4	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	whenever	whenever	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	12	advmod	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
13	into	into	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	smithy	smithy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	18	advmod	_	_
18	looked	look	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	_
19	at	at	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	devil	devil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl:agent	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
23	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	Hail	hail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
28	fellow	fellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	countryman	countryman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	26	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | man |  |  | the smithy |  | whenever *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into smithy=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **look** | participle |  | the smithy *not said here* |  |  |  | the devil *obl:agent*; always *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the old man | Hail |  |  | time |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent hail=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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