---
title: Once when the master was not at home, and only the workman was left… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Once when the master was not at home, and only the workman was left in the smithy, he saw an old rich lady passing by. Who acts: master, old rich lady. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 16, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 16, sentence 70

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Once when the master was not at home, and only the workman was left in the smithy, he saw an old rich lady passing by.

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**Who acts:** master, old rich lady · **What happens:** not be, leave, see, pass by · **To what, where:** home, workman, smithy, old rich lady

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (master, old rich lady), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:16:70
# text = Once when the master was not at home, and only the workman was left in the smithy, he saw an old rich lady passing by.
1	Once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	8	advmod	_	_
2	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	master	master	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
11	only	only	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	workman	workman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	parataxis	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	smithy	smithy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
22	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
23	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
24	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	lady	lady	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
26	passing	pass	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	25	acl	_	_
27	by	by	ADP	IN	_	26	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | past | the master |  |  | home |  | once *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **leave** | past · passive |  | the workman |  | the smithy |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in smithy=Location |
| 3 | **see** | past | master | a old rich lady |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lady=Stimulus |
| 4 | **pass by** | gerund | a old rich lady *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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