---
title: Next day he was again driving his horses to the river, and the Woods… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Next day he was again driving his horses to the river, and the Woodsprite appeared once more. Who acts: Iván, Woodsprite. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 17, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 17, sentence 111

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Next day he was again driving his horses to the river, and the Woodsprite appeared once more.

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**Who acts:** Iván, Woodsprite · **What happens:** drive, appear · **To what, where:** horses, river

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iván, Woodsprite), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:17:111
# text = Next day he was again driving his horses to the river, and the Woodsprite appeared once more.
1	Next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	again	again	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	driving	drive	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	Woodsprite	Woodsprite	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	appeared	appear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
17	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	18	advmod	_	_
18	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | past · progressive | Iván | Iván's horses |  | the river | again; day |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent horse=Theme to river=Trajectory |
| 2 | **appear** | past | the Woodsprite |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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