---
title: Out of its nostrils it breathed flames, columns of smoke rose from i… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Out of its nostrils it breathed flames, columns of smoke rose from its ears, and as its hoofs struck the ground sparks arose. Who acts: earth, columns, hoofs, ground sparks. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 17, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every 
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 17, sentence 151

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Out of its nostrils it breathed flames, columns of smoke rose from its ears, and as its hoofs struck the ground sparks arose.

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**Who acts:** earth, columns, hoofs, ground sparks · **What happens:** breathe, rise, strike, arise · **To what, where:** flames, nostrils

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (earth, columns, hoofs, ground sparks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:17:151
# text = Out of its nostrils it breathed flames, columns of smoke rose from its ears, and as its hoofs struck the ground sparks arose.
1	Out	out	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	nostrils	nostril	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	breathed	breathe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	flames	flame	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
9	columns	column	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	rose	rise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
18	as	as	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	hoofs	hoof	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
21	struck	strike	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	sparks	spark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj	_	_
25	arose	arise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breathe** | past | earth | flames |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flame=Theme |
| 2 | **rise** | past | columns of smoke |  |  | earth's nostrils |  | from earth's ears | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme out nostril=Initial\_Location from ear=Destination |
| 3 | **strike** | past | earth's hoofs |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **arise** | past | the ground sparks |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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