---
title: Iván Tsarévich gave him a couple of blows with his whip, and started… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Iván Tsarévich gave him a couple of blows with his whip, and started out against the hostile host. Who acts: Iván. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 17, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 17, sentence 157

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Iván Tsarévich gave him a couple of blows with his whip, and started out against the hostile host.

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**Who acts:** Iván · **What happens:** give, start out · **To what, where:** couple, servant

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iván), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:17:157
# text = Iván Tsarévich gave him a couple of blows with his whip, and started out against the hostile host.
1	Iván	Iván	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Tsarévich	Tsarévich	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	couple	couple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	blows	blow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	whip	whip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
15	out	out	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
16	against	against	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	hostile	hostile	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	host	host	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Iván | a couple of blows | servant |  |  | with Iván's whip | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient couple=Theme |
| 2 | **start out** | past | Iván *not said here* |  |  |  |  | against the hostile host | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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