---
title: The master knew very well whom he must thank, to whom he must render… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The master knew very well whom he must thank, to whom he must render gratitude. Who acts: master. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 17, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 17, sentence 8

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The master knew very well whom he must thank, to whom he must render gratitude.

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**Who acts:** master · **What happens:** know, thank, render · **To what, where:** gratitude · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (master), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:17:8
# text = The master knew very well whom he must thank, to whom he must render gratitude.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	master	master	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
6	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	obj	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	thank	thank	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	15	obl	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	render	render	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
16	gratitude	gratitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past | the master |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **thank** *speech: thank* | must | master |  |  |  |  | whom *obj* | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whom=Theme |
| 3 | **render** | must | master | gratitude |  |  |  | whom *obl* | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent gratitude=Theme to whom=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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