---
title: One day he made a cake and put it into the oven, so the cooks put po… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: One day he made a cake and put it into the oven, so the cooks put poison in and spread it over the cake. Who acts: cook, cooks. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 17, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 17, sentence 91

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One day he made a cake and put it into the oven, so the cooks put poison in and spread it over the cake.

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**Who acts:** cook, cooks · **What happens:** make, put, spread · **To what, where:** cake, oven, poison

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cook, cooks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:17:91
# text = One day he made a cake and put it into the oven, so the cooks put poison in and spread it over the cake.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	into	into	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	oven	oven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	so	so	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	cooks	cook	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
17	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
18	poison	poison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
19	in	in	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	spread	spread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	_
23	over	over	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | cook | a cake |  |  | day |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cake=Product |
| 2 | **put** | infinitive | cook *not said here* | cake |  | the oven |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent it=Goal |
| 3 | **put** | past | the cooks | poison |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent poison=Goal |
| 4 | **spread** | past | the cooks *not said here* | poison |  | the cake |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme over cake=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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