---
title: Then the old man went to sleep, and dreamed that there were two cand… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Then the old man went to sleep, and dreamed that there were two candles blazing in front of the images and two birds fluttering in the _izbá_. Who acts: old man, two candles, two birds. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 18, with its dependency tree and the pragmati
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 18, sentence 106

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Then the old man went to sleep, and dreamed that there were two candles blazing in front of the images and two birds fluttering in the \_izbá\_.

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**Who acts:** old man, two candles, two birds · **What happens:** go, sleep, dream, be, blaze, flutter · **To what, where:** front, izbá · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 18. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old man, two candles, two birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:18:106
# text = Then the old man went to sleep, and dreamed that there were two candles blazing in front of the images and two birds fluttering in the _izbá_.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	dreamed	dream	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
11	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	13	expl	_	_
13	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	ccomp	_	_
14	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	candles	candle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
16	blazing	blaze	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	acl	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	images	image	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	24	nummod	_	_
24	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	conj	_	_
25	fluttering	flutter	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	24	acl	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	_	_	PUNCT	``	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	izbá	izbá	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the old man |  |  |  | then |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **sleep** | to-infinitive | the old man *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **dream** | past | the old man *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn cognize-85 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **be** | past | two candles |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **blaze** | gerund | two candles *not said here* |  |  | front of the images and two birds |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in front=Location |
| 6 | **flutter** | gerund | two birds *not said here* |  |  | the izbá |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in izbá=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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