---
title: Tsar Alexander of Macedon never lost courage at seeing these strange… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Tsar Alexander of Macedon never lost courage at seeing these strange folk, but he set to and waged warfare on them. Who acts: Tsar Alexander, ALEXANDER. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 19, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/19/118/)

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 19, sentence 118

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Tsar Alexander of Macedon never lost courage at seeing these strange folk, but he set to and waged warfare on them.

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**Who acts:** Tsar Alexander, ALEXANDER · **What happens:** not lose, see, set, wage · **To what, where:** courage, strange folk, warfare

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tsar Alexander, ALEXANDER), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:19:118
# text = Tsar Alexander of Macedon never lost courage at seeing these strange folk, but he set to and waged warfare on them.
1	Tsar	Tsar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Alexander	Alexander	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Macedon	Macedon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	at	at	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	seeing	see	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
10	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	12	det	_	_
11	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	folk	folk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	set	set	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	obl	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	waged	wage	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
20	warfare	warfare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
21	on	on	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **lose** | past | Tsar Alexander of Macedon | courage |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent courage=Eventuality |
| 2 | **see** | gerund | Tsar Alexander of Macedon *not said here* | this strange folk |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer folk=Stimulus |
| 3 | **set** | past | ALEXANDER |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **wage** | past | ALEXANDER *not said here* | warfare |  |  |  | on peoples *= people* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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