---
title: “You are lying, old devil!” said the soldier, and began rummaging ab… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: “You are lying, old devil!” said the soldier, and began rummaging about in the stove and on the shelves. Who acts: You, soldier. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 19, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 19, sentence 38

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“You are lying, old devil!” said the soldier, and began rummaging about in the stove and on the shelves.

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**Who acts:** You, soldier · **What happens:** lie, say, begin, rummage · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (You, soldier), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:19:38
# text = “You are lying, old devil!” said the soldier, and began rummaging about in the stove and on the shelves.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	devil	devil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	soldier	soldier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
16	rummaging	rummage	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	xcomp	_	_
17	about	about	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	stove	stove	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	on	on	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	shelves	shelf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** *in a quote* | present · progressive | You |  |  |  |  | old devil *conj* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: express* | past | the soldier |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **begin** | past | the soldier *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **rummage** | gerund | the soldier *not said here* |  |  |  |  | about the stove and the shelves | vn rummage-35.5-1 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent about stove=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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