---
title: “You must be mad, woman,” said the Tsar, “it’s quite a young heifer… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: “You must be mad, woman,” said the Tsar, “it’s quite a young heifer and so beautiful!” Who acts: You, Tsar. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 2, sentence 21

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“You must be mad, woman,” said the Tsar, “it’s quite a young heifer and so beautiful!”

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**Who acts:** You, Tsar · **What happens:** be, say · **To what, where:** young heifer · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (You, Tsar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:2:21
# text = “You must be mad, woman,” said the Tsar, “it’s quite a young heifer and so beautiful!”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
5	mad	mad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Tsar	Tsar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
14	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	’s	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
17	quite	quite	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	20	det:predet	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	heifer	heifer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	so	so	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	23	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | must | You |  |  |  |  | woman *vocative*; mad *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: express* | past | the Tsar |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | Tsar | quite young heifer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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