---
title: He lay down and lay down, suddenly the grave began opening under him… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: He lay down and lay down, suddenly the grave began opening under him, and he felt it and leaped to his feet. Who acts: Iván, grave. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 2, sentence 68

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He lay down and lay down, suddenly the grave began opening under him, and he felt it and leaped to his feet.

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**Who acts:** Iván, grave · **What happens:** lie down, lay down, begin, open, feel, leap · **To what, where:** grave, feet

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iván, grave), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:2:68
# text = He lay down and lay down, suddenly the grave began opening under him, and he felt it and leaped to his feet.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	down	down	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	lay	lay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
6	down	down	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	grave	grave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	opening	open	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	xcomp	_	_
13	under	under	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	leaped	leap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	conj	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie down** | past | Iván |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **lay down** | infinitive | Iván *not said here* |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **begin** | past | the grave |  |  |  |  | suddenly *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **open** | gerund | the grave *not said here* |  |  |  |  | under Iván | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under he=Location |
| 5 | **feel** | past | Iván | grave |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 6 | **leap** | participle | Iván *not said here* |  |  | Iván's feet |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to foot=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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