--- title: The first said: “I started a quarrel between two peasants, backed up… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics description: The first said: “I started a quarrel between two peasants, backed up the one who was in the wrong; and the one, who was in the right, had his hand hacked off.” Who acts: first, two peasants, one, hand. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 20, with its dependency tree --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/20/110/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Russian Folk-Tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/) / [Opening, part 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/20/) / 110 # Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 20, sentence 110 The first said: “I started a quarrel between two peasants, backed up the one who was in the wrong; and the one, who was in the right, had his hand hacked off.” **Who acts:** first, two peasants, one, hand · **What happens:** say, start, back up, be, have, hack off · **To what, where:** quarrel, one, right · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 20. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (first, two peasants, one, hand), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg62509:20:110 # text = The first said: “I started a quarrel between two peasants, backed up the one who was in the wrong; and the one, who was in the right, had his hand hacked off.” 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 first first NOUN NN Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 3 nsubj _ _ 3 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 4 : : PUNCT : _ 7 punct _ _ 5 “ " PUNCT `` _ 7 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 6 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _ 7 started start VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 quarrel quarrel NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 10 between between ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 12 nummod _ _ 12 peasants peasant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 13 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 14 backed back VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 acl _ _ 15 up up ADP RP _ 14 compound:prt _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 one one NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 18 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 22 nsubj _ _ 19 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 22 cop _ _ 20 in in ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 wrong wrong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 acl:relcl _ SpaceAfter=No 23 ; ; PUNCT : _ 26 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 one one NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 27 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 28 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 32 nsubj _ _ 29 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 32 cop _ _ 30 in in ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 right right NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 33 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 34 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 35 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 36 nmod:poss _ _ 36 hand hand NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 nsubj _ _ 37 hacked hack VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 34 ccomp _ _ 38 off off ADP RP _ 37 compound:prt _ SpaceAfter=No 39 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 40 ” " PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the first | | | | | the one *conj* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **start** *in a quote* | past | the first *= first* | a quarrel | | | | between two peasants | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quarrel=Eventuality | | 3 | **back up** *in a quote* | participle | two peasants *not said here* | the one | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Agent | | 4 | **is** *in a quote* | past | the one | | | | | wrong *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **is** *in a quote* | past | the one | | | the right | | | tree rules | | 6 | **have** *in a quote* | past | the first *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **hack off** *in a quote* | past | first's hand | | | | | | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 109](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/20/109/) - next →: [sentence 111](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/20/111/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/20/)