---
title: So Alyósha led out his horse, saddled it with a Circassian saddle, f… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: So Alyósha led out his horse, saddled it with a Circassian saddle, fastened it on with twelve silken girths, not for the sake of decoration, but for the sake of strength. Who acts: Alyósha. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 20, with its dependency tree and the prag
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 20, sentence 61

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So Alyósha led out his horse, saddled it with a Circassian saddle, fastened it on with twelve silken girths, not for the sake of decoration, but for the sake of strength.

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**Who acts:** Alyósha · **What happens:** lead out, saddle, fasten on · **To what, where:** horse, spake

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 20. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Alyósha), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:20:61
# text = So Alyósha led out his horse, saddled it with a Circassian saddle, fastened it on with twelve silken girths, not for the sake of decoration, but for the sake of strength.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	Alyósha	Alyósha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	saddled	saddle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	Circassian	circassian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	saddle	saddle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	fastened	fasten	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	on	on	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	21	nummod	_	_
20	silken	silken	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	girths	girth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	26	advmod	_	_
24	for	for	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	sake	sake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	decoration	decoration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
30	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
31	for	for	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	sake	sake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead out** | past | Alyósha | ALYÓSHA's horse |  |  |  | for the sake of strength | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Theme |
| 2 | **saddle** | past | Alyósha *not said here* | spake *= speak* |  |  |  | with a Circassian saddle | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Destination with saddle=Theme |
| 3 | **fasten on** | past | Alyósha *not said here* | spake *= speak* |  |  |  | with twelve silken girths; for the sake of decoration | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent it=Patient with girth=Co-Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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