---
title: He is guiding his horse uphill and he is playing with a little head:… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: He is guiding his horse uphill and he is playing with a little head: he is throwing the little head sky-high, and is catching the little head on the point of his sharp lance. Who acts: Marýshko. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 20, with its dependency tree and the
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 20, sentence 79

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He is guiding his horse uphill and he is playing with a little head: he is throwing the little head sky-high, and is catching the little head on the point of his sharp lance.

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**Who acts:** Marýshko · **What happens:** guide, play, throw, catch, point · **To what, where:** horse uphill, little head, point, sharp lance

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 20. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Marýshko), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:20:79
# text = He is guiding his horse uphill and he is playing with a little head: he is throwing the little head sky-high, and is catching the little head on the point of his sharp lance.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	guiding	guide	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	uphill	uphill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	playing	play	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	throwing	throw	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
22	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	catching	catch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	conj	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
32	on	on	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
36	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	38	nmod:poss	_	_
37	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	lance	lance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **guide** | present · progressive | Marýshko | Marýshko's horse uphill |  |  |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent uphill=Theme |
| 2 | **play** | present · progressive | Marýshko |  |  |  |  | with a little head | vn play-114.2-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with head=Theme |
| 3 | **throw** | present · progressive | Marýshko | the little head |  |  |  | sky *obj* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent head=Destination sky=Theme |
| 4 | **catch** | present · progressive | Marýshko *not said here* | the little head |  | the point of Marýshko's sharp lance |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Theme |
| 5 | **point** |  |  | Marýshko's sharp lance |  |  |  |  | nom point «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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