---
title: Afterwards they came across an unholy spirit in human guise, and the… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Afterwards they came across an unholy spirit in human guise, and they asked him and received his reply. Who acts: earnings, bet. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 20, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 20, sentence 94

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Afterwards they came across an unholy spirit in human guise, and they asked him and received his reply.

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**Who acts:** earnings, bet · **What happens:** come, ask, receive, reply · **To what, where:** unholy spirit, bet, reply

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 20. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (earnings, bet), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:20:94
# text = Afterwards they came across an unholy spirit in human guise, and they asked him and received his reply.
1	Afterwards	afterwards	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	across	across	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	unholy	unholy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	guise	guise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
15	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	iobj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	received	receive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	reply	reply	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | earnings *= earning* |  |  | a unholy spirit in human guise |  | afterwards *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme across spirit=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | earnings *= earning* |  | bet |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient |
| 3 | **receive** | past | earnings *= earning* *not said here* | bet's reply |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reply=Theme |
| 4 | **reply** |  | bet |  |  |  |  |  | nom reply «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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