---
title: So the old man answered him: “Never mind, Ivánushka, cheer up! — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: So the old man answered him: “Never mind, Ivánushka, cheer up! Who acts: old man. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 21, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 21, sentence 105

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So the old man answered him: “Never mind, Ivánushka, cheer up!

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**Who acts:** old man · **What happens:** answer, not mind, not cheer up · **To what, where:** Iván, Ivánushka · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 21. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:21:105
# text = So the old man answered him: “Never mind, Ivánushka, cheer up!
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	mind	mind	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	Ivánushka	Ivánushka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	cheer	cheer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
15	up	up	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **answer** *speech: express* | past | the old man |  | Iván |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **mind** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | Ivánushka |  |  |  |  | vn caring-75.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ivánushka=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **cheer up** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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