---
title: For we have already lived out our life; and this is as it must be. — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: For we have already lived out our life; and this is as it must be. Who acts: we, this. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 21, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 21, sentence 42

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For we have already lived out our life; and this is as it must be.

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**Who acts:** we, this · **What happens:** live out, be · **To what, where:** life

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 21. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, this), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:21:42
# text = For we have already lived out our life; and this is as it must be.
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	already	already	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	lived	live	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
11	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	14	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obl	_	_
15	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	be	be	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live out** | present · perfect | we | our life |  |  |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme life=Location |
| 2 | **is** | present | this |  |  |  |  | as life | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** | must | we *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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