---
title: So they traded on for three years more, and Iván became so rich that… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: So they traded on for three years more, and Iván became so rich that the old man advised him to sell out and cross the seas with his goods. Who acts: goods, Iván, old man. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 21, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cl
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 21, sentence 65

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So they traded on for three years more, and Iván became so rich that the old man advised him to sell out and cross the seas with his goods.

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**Who acts:** goods, Iván, old man · **What happens:** trade on, become, advise, sell out, cross · **To what, where:** Iván, seas

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 21. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (goods, Iván, old man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:21:65
# text = So they traded on for three years more, and Iván became so rich that the old man advised him to sell out and cross the seas with his goods.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	traded	trade	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	Iván	Iván	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	so	so	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	_
15	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
19	advised	advise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	_
20	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	sell	sell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	xcomp	_	_
23	out	out	ADP	RP	_	22	compound:prt	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	cross	cross	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	conj	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	seas	sea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obj	_	_
28	with	with	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trade on** | past | goods |  |  |  | year |  | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **become** | past | Iván |  |  |  |  | rich *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **advise** *speech: other* | past | the old man | Iván |  |  |  |  | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP how S\_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **sell out** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Iván *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **cross** | infinitive | Iván *not said here* | the seas |  |  |  | with Iván's goods | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sea=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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