---
title: So the _boyár_ hesitated: he was very sorry to lose his money and fo… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: So the _boyár_ hesitated: he was very sorry to lose his money and for himself, but he could not help himself, and so they agreed. Who acts: boyár, goods. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 22, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 22, sentence 120

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So the \_boyár\_ hesitated: he was very sorry to lose his money and for himself, but he could not help himself, and so they agreed.

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**Who acts:** boyár, goods · **What happens:** hesitate, be, lose, not help, agree · **To what, where:** boyár, money

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 22. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boyár, goods), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:22:120
# text = So the _boyár_ hesitated: he was very sorry to lose his money and for himself, but he could not help himself, and so they agreed.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	boyár	boyár	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	6	punct	_	_
6	hesitated	hesitate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	very	very	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	sorry	sorry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	parataxis	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	lose	lose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
22	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
23	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	24	advmod	_	_
24	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
25	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
28	so	so	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
29	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
30	agreed	agree	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hesitate** | participle · passive |  | the boyár |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | boyár |  |  |  |  | sorry *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **lose** | to-infinitive | boyár *not said here* | boyár's money |  |  |  | boyár *conj* | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Eventuality |
| 4 | **not** **help** | could | boyár | boyár |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Beneficiary |
| 5 | **agree** *speech: agree* | past | goods |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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