---
title: The potter sang a song, and the _boyár_ drew it along, drew it along. — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The potter sang a song, and the _boyár_ drew it along, drew it along. Who acts: potter, boyár. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 22, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 22, sentence 122

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The potter sang a song, and the \_boyár\_ drew it along, drew it along.

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**Who acts:** potter, boyár · **What happens:** sing, draw · **To what, where:** song, horse

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 22. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (potter, boyár), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:22:122
# text = The potter sang a song, and the _boyár_ drew it along, drew it along.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	potter	potter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	_	_	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	boyár	boyár	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	10	punct	_	_
12	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	along	along	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	along	along	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | the potter | a song |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme |
| 2 | **draw** | past | the boyár | horse |  |  |  | along *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 3 | **draw** | past | the boyár *not said here* | horse |  |  |  | along *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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