---
title: And Iván threw the ball covered with hair at her, and she nibbled an… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: And Iván threw the ball covered with hair at her, and she nibbled and gnawed at it. Who acts: Iván, Heaven. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 22, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 22, sentence 17

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And Iván threw the ball covered with hair at her, and she nibbled and gnawed at it.

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**Who acts:** Iván, Heaven · **What happens:** throw, cover, nibble, gnaw · **To what, where:** ball

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 22. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iván, Heaven), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:22:17
# text = And Iván threw the ball covered with hair at her, and she nibbled and gnawed at it.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Iván	Iván	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	threw	throw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	nibbled	nibble	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	gnawed	gnaw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	conj	_	_
17	at	at	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throw** | past | Iván | the ball |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ball=Theme |
| 2 | **cover** | participle |  | the ball *not said here* |  |  |  | with hair; at Heaven | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with hair=Theme |
| 3 | **nibble** | past | Heaven |  |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **gnaw** | participle | Heaven *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at hair | vn chew-39.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent at it=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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