---
title: One day the old man began to cut firewood, took them to the opposite… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: One day the old man began to cut firewood, took them to the opposite side of the island and said: “Ivánushka, my well-doer, I must now speak with you.” Who acts: old man, Ivánushka, king. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 22, with its dependency tree and the pragma
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 22, sentence 44

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One day the old man began to cut firewood, took them to the opposite side of the island and said: “Ivánushka, my well-doer, I must now speak with you.”

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**Who acts:** old man, Ivánushka, king · **What happens:** begin, cut, take, say, speak · **To what, where:** firewood, things, opposite side · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 22. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old man, Ivánushka, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:22:44
# text = One day the old man began to cut firewood, took them to the opposite side of the island and said: “Ivánushka, my well-doer, I must now speak with you.”
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	cut	cut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	firewood	firewood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	opposite	opposite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
23	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	Ivánushka	Ivánushka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
26	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
27	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	29	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	doer	doer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
31	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj	_	_
32	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	34	aux	_	_
33	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	34	advmod	_	_
34	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	parataxis	_	_
35	with	with	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	34	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | the old man |  |  |  | day |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **cut** | to-infinitive | the old man *not said here* | firewood |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset firewood=Product |
| 3 | **take** | past |  | things *= thing* |  | the opposite side of the island |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme to side=Destination |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Ivánushka |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **speak** *speech: other* *in a quote* | must | the king *= king* |  |  |  | now | with you | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with you=Co-Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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