---
title: And the horse answered: “Iván Tsarévich has arrived, and has taken a… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: And the horse answered: “Iván Tsarévich has arrived, and has taken away Márya Moryévna.” Who acts: horse, Iván. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 23, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 23, sentence 121

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And the horse answered: “Iván Tsarévich has arrived, and has taken away Márya Moryévna.”

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**Who acts:** horse, Iván · **What happens:** answer, arrive, take away · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 23. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horse, Iván), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:23:121
# text = And the horse answered: “Iván Tsarévich has arrived, and has taken away Márya Moryévna.”
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
6	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Iván	Iván	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	Tsarévich	Tsarévich	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	flat	_	_
9	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	arrived	arrive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	conj	_	_
15	away	away	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	Márya	Márya	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl:agent	_	_
17	Moryévna	Moryévna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | the horse |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **arrive** *in a quote* | present · perfect | Iván |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **take away** *in a quote* | present · perfect | Iván *not said here* |  |  |  |  | Márya *obl:agent*; away *property* | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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