---
title: In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there once lived Iván Tsar… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there once lived Iván Tsarévich, who had three sisters: one was called Márya Tsarévna, the second Ólga Tsarévna, and the third Ánna Tsarévna. Who acts: Iván. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 23, with its dependency tree an
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 23, sentence 39

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In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there once lived Iván Tsarévich, who had three sisters: one was called Márya Tsarévna, the second Ólga Tsarévna, and the third Ánna Tsarévna.

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**Who acts:** Iván · **What happens:** live, have, call · **To what, where:** Iván, certain kingdom, three sisters, one · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 23. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iván), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:23:39
# text = In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there once lived Iván Tsarévich, who had three sisters: one was called Márya Tsarévna, the second Ólga Tsarévna, and the third Ánna Tsarévna.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
11	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	13	expl	_	_
12	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	13	advmod	_	_
13	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	Iván	Iván	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
15	Tsarévich	Tsarévich	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
18	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
19	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	_
20	sisters	sister	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
22	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
23	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	parataxis	_	_
25	Márya	Márya	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	xcomp	_	_
26	Tsarévna	Tsarévna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	30	amod	_	_
30	Ólga	Ólga	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	_
31	Tsarévna	Tsarévna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
35	third	third	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	37	amod	_	_
36	Ánna	Ánna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	compound	_	_
37	Tsarévna	Tsarévna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past |  | Iván |  | a certain kingdom; there |  | once *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in kingdom=Location |
| 2 | **have** | past | Iván | three sisters |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sister=Patient |
| 3 | **call** | past · passive |  | one |  |  |  | Márya and the second Ólga *xcomp*; the third Ánna Tsarévna *conj* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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