---
title: Whatever suffering may come over you, do your duty; read the book, k… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Whatever suffering may come over you, do your duty; read the book, keep it close to you that they may not tear it from you, otherwise you will not remain alive. Who acts: suffering, cocks, you. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 25, with its dependency tree and the 
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 25, sentence 24

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Whatever suffering may come over you, do your duty; read the book, keep it close to you that they may not tear it from you, otherwise you will not remain alive.

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**Who acts:** suffering, cocks, you · **What happens:** come over, do, read, keep, not tear, not remain · **To what, where:** you, duty, book

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 25. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (suffering, cocks, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:25:24
# text = Whatever suffering may come over you, do your duty; read the book, keep it close to you that they may not tear it from you, otherwise you will not remain alive.
1	Whatever	whatever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	det:predet	_	_
2	suffering	suffering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	over	over	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
9	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	duty	duty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
12	read	read	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	xcomp	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	18	obl	_	_
21	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
22	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
23	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
24	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	25	advmod	_	_
25	tear	tear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
26	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	obj	_	_
27	from	from	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
30	otherwise	otherwise	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
31	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj	_	_
32	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	34	aux	_	_
33	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	34	advmod	_	_
34	remain	remain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
35	alive	alive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come over** | may | whatever suffering | you |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **do** | infinitive | whatever suffering *not said here* | your duty |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent duty=Eventuality |
| 3 | **read** | infinitive |  | the book |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Topic |
| 4 | **keep** | infinitive |  | book |  |  |  | close *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 5 | **not** **tear** | may | cocks *= cock* | book |  |  |  | from you | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient from you=Co-Patient |
| 6 | **not** **remain** | future | you |  |  |  |  | alive, otherwise *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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