---
title: The Tsar tied his horse to an oak, and tied his garments around him,… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The Tsar tied his horse to an oak, and tied his garments around him, and swam naked across the stream. Who acts: Tsar. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 25, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 25, sentence 53

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The Tsar tied his horse to an oak, and tied his garments around him, and swam naked across the stream.

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**Who acts:** Tsar · **What happens:** tie, swim · **To what, where:** horse, garments, stream

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 25. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tsar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:25:54
# text = The Tsar tied his horse to an oak, and tied his garments around him, and swam naked across the stream.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Tsar	Tsar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	tied	tie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	oak	oak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	tied	tie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	garments	garment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	around	around	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	swam	swim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
19	naked	naked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	xcomp	_	_
20	across	across	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tie** | past | the Tsar | Tsar's horse |  |  |  | to a oak | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent horse=Patient to oak=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **tie** | past | the Tsar *not said here* | Tsar's garments |  |  |  | around Tsar | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent garment=Patient |
| 3 | **swim** | past | the Tsar *not said here* |  |  | the stream |  | naked *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across stream=Trajectory |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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