---
title: And the shepherds spake: “Wicked boaster! how darest thou call thyse… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: And the shepherds spake: “Wicked boaster! how darest thou call thyself the Tsar, for we have seen Tsar Angéy, who has just ridden into his city with five youths!” Who acts: shepherds spake, we, Tsar. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 25, with its dependency tree an
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 25, sentence 61

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And the shepherds spake: “Wicked boaster! how darest thou call thyself the Tsar, for we have seen Tsar Angéy, who has just ridden into his city with five youths!”

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**Who acts:** shepherds spake, we, Tsar · **What happens:** dare, call, see, ride · **To what, where:** thyself, Tsar, city · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 25. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shepherds spake, we, Tsar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:25:62
# text = And the shepherds spake: “Wicked boaster! how darest thou call thyself the Tsar, for we have seen Tsar Angéy, who has just ridden into his city with five youths!”
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	shepherds	shepherd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	compound	_	_
4	spake	speak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:outer	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Wicked	wicked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	boaster	boaster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
10	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
11	darest	dare	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	advcl	_	_
12	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	13	nsubj	_	_
13	call	call	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
14	thyself	thyself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Style=Arch	13	obj	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Tsar	Tsar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
19	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
22	Tsar	Tsar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
23	Angéy	Angéy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
25	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	28	nsubj	_	_
26	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
27	just	just	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
28	ridden	ride	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	22	acl	_	_
29	into	into	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
32	with	with	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	34	nummod	_	_
34	youths	youth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dare** *in a quote* | present | shepherds spake *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **call** *in a quote* | infinitive | shepherds spake | thyself |  |  |  | Wicked boaster *nsubj*; thou *nsubj*; the Tsar *obj* | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent thyself=Theme tsar=Result |
| 3 | **see** *in a quote* | present · perfect | we | Tsar |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer tsar=Stimulus |
| 4 | **ride** *in a quote* | present · perfect | Tsar |  |  | Tsar's city with five youths |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent into city=Trajectory |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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