---
title: He then wrote a letter with his own hand to the Tsarítsa, that he ha… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: He then wrote a letter with his own hand to the Tsarítsa, that he had secret things and thoughts to speak of with her; and he bade a woman take this letter to the queen. Who acts: Tsar, woman. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 25, with its dependency tree and the p
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 25, sentence 73

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He then wrote a letter with his own hand to the Tsarítsa, that he had secret things and thoughts to speak of with her; and he bade a woman take this letter to the queen.

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**Who acts:** Tsar, woman · **What happens:** write, have, speak, bade, take · **To what, where:** letter, secret things, queen · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 25. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tsar, woman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:25:74
# text = He then wrote a letter with his own hand to the Tsarítsa, that he had secret things and thoughts to speak of with her; and he bade a woman take this letter to the queen.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
3	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Tsarítsa	Tsarítsa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
17	secret	secret	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	thoughts	thought	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	acl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	with	with	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
28	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
29	bade	bade	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
32	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	ccomp	_	_
33	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	34	det	_	_
34	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obj	_	_
35	to	to	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | Tsar | a letter |  |  | then | with Tsar's own hand to the Tsarítsa | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | past | Tsar | secret things and thoughts |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Patient |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | Tsar *not said here* | secret things and thoughts *not said here* |  |  |  | of widow | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **bade** | past | Tsar |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **take** | infinitive | a woman | this letter | the queen |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent letter=Theme to queen=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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