---
title: And the two elder brothers were indeed fine lads, and they grew up f… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: And the two elder brothers were indeed fine lads, and they grew up fine stout fellows; but the youngest, Vanyúshka,[32] was under-sized, like a starved duckling, and flat-chested. Who acts: two elder brothers, fine lads. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 26, with i
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 26, sentence 104

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And the two elder brothers were indeed fine lads, and they grew up fine stout fellows; but the youngest, Vanyúshka,\[32\] was under-sized, like a starved duckling, and flat-chested.

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**Who acts:** two elder brothers, fine lads · **What happens:** be, grow up, size, starve · **To what, where:** fine lads, fine stout fellows, youngest

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 26. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two elder brothers, fine lads), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:26:104
# text = And the two elder brothers were indeed fine lads, and they grew up fine stout fellows; but the youngest, Vanyúshka,[32] was under-sized, like a starved duckling, and flat-chested.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
4	elder	elder	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	brothers	brother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	indeed	indeed	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	lads	lad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	up	up	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
15	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
16	stout	stout	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	fellows	fellow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
19	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	youngest	young	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	31	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	Vanyúshka	Vanyúshka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	32	32	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	23	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	26	punct	_	_
28	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux:pass	_	_
29	under	under	ADP	IN	_	31	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	sized	size	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
33	like	like	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	starved	starve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	36	amod	_	_
36	duckling	duckling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
39	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	39	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	chested	chested	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the two elder brothers | fine lads |  |  |  | indeed *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow up** | past | fine lads | fine stout fellows |  |  |  | lads *= lad* *nsubj* | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location fellow=Theme |
| 3 | **size** | past · passive |  | the youngest |  |  |  | a starved duckling *conj* | tree rules |
| 4 | **starve** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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