---
title: Then the old man got up, whistled and halloed with a young man’s voi… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Then the old man got up, whistled and halloed with a young man’s voice, with a nightingale’s trill; and from some source or other a horse ran up, and the earth trembled, and from his nostrils and from his ears flames issued forth. Who acts: old man, earth, nightingale. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Ta
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 26, sentence 121

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then the old man got up, whistled and halloed with a young man’s voice, with a nightingale’s trill; and from some source or other a horse ran up, and the earth trembled, and from his nostrils and from his ears flames issued forth.

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**Who acts:** old man, earth, nightingale · **What happens:** get up, whistle, hallo, run up, tremble, issue · **To what, where:** source, flames

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 26. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old man, earth, nightingale), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:26:121
# text = Then the old man got up, whistled and halloed with a young man’s voice, with a nightingale’s trill; and from some source or other a horse ran up, and the earth trembled, and from his nostrils and from his ears flames issued forth.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	whistled	whistle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	xcomp	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	halloed	hallo	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	’s	's	PART	POS	_	14	case	_	_
16	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	nightingale	nightingale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	’s	's	PART	POS	_	20	case	_	_
22	trill	trill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
25	from	from	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	27	det	_	_
27	source	source	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
28	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
29	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	_
32	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
33	up	up	ADP	RP	_	32	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nsubj	_	_
38	trembled	tremble	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
40	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
41	from	from	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	43	nmod:poss	_	_
43	nostrils	nostril	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	parataxis	_	_
44	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	47	cc	_	_
45	from	from	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
46	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	47	nmod:poss	_	_
47	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	conj	_	_
48	flames	flame	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	conj	_	_
49	issued	issue	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	48	acl	_	_
50	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	49	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get up** | past | the old man |  |  |  | then |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **whistle** | participle | the old man *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **hallo** | participle | the old man *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with a young man's voice; with a nightingale's trill | tree rules |
| 4 | **run up** | past |  |  |  | some source or a other horse |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from source=Trajectory |
| 5 | **tremble** | past | the earth |  |  |  |  | earth's nostrils and earth's ears and flames *parataxis* | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **issue** | participle |  | flames *not said here* |  |  |  | forth *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **trill** |  | a nightingale |  |  |  |  |  | nom trill «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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