---
title: One day Elijah and Nicholas were walking through this peasant’s fiel… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: One day Elijah and Nicholas were walking through this peasant’s fields, going along and surveying; and the ears were so large, so full, that it warmed one’s heart to look at them! Who acts: Elijah, ears, ear. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 26, with its dependenc
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 26, sentence 29

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One day Elijah and Nicholas were walking through this peasant’s fields, going along and surveying; and the ears were so large, so full, that it warmed one’s heart to look at them!

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**Who acts:** Elijah, ears, ear · **What happens:** walk, go along, survey, be, warm, look · **To what, where:** fields, one heart

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 26. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Elijah, ears, ear), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:26:29
# text = One day Elijah and Nicholas were walking through this peasant’s fields, going along and surveying; and the ears were so large, so full, that it warmed one’s heart to look at them!
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	Elijah	Elijah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	Nicholas	Nicholas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	walking	walk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	parataxis	_	_
8	through	through	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	peasant	peasant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	’s	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
15	along	along	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	surveying	survey	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj	_	_
22	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
23	so	so	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	so	so	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
30	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
31	warmed	warm	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	conj	_	_
32	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	34	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	’s	's	PART	POS	_	32	case	_	_
34	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obj	_	_
35	to	to	PART	TO	_	36	mark	_	_
36	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	advcl	_	_
37	at	at	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	24	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past · progressive | Elijah and Nicholas |  |  | this peasant's fields |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through field=Trajectory |
| 2 | **go along** | gerund | Elijah and Nicholas *not said here* |  |  |  |  | along *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **survey** | gerund | Elijah and Nicholas *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | past | the ears |  |  |  | day | large *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** |  | the ears *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **warm** | past | ear | one heart |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent heart=Patient |
| 7 | **look** | to-infinitive | ear *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at ELIJAH | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at they=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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