---
title: Now, this maiden had been taken away by the Wood Sprite, and had liv… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Now, this maiden had been taken away by the Wood Sprite, and had lived with him for three whole years, and she had been enclosed and cut off, and was almost entirely naked, but she had no shame. Who acts: Wood Sprite, Russia. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 27, w
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 27, sentence 20

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Now, this maiden had been taken away by the Wood Sprite, and had lived with him for three whole years, and she had been enclosed and cut off, and was almost entirely naked, but she had no shame.

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**Who acts:** Wood Sprite, Russia · **What happens:** take away, live, enclose, cut off, be, have · **To what, where:** maiden, Russia, shame

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 27. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wood Sprite, Russia), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:27:20
# text = Now, this maiden had been taken away by the Wood Sprite, and had lived with him for three whole years, and she had been enclosed and cut off, and was almost entirely naked, but she had no shame.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	maiden	maiden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	away	away	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	Wood	Wood	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Sprite	sprite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	lived	live	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obl	_	_
19	for	for	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	22	nummod	_	_
21	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
25	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
26	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
27	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	28	aux:pass	_	_
28	enclosed	enclose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	advcl	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	28	conj	_	_
31	off	off	ADP	RP	_	30	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
34	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	cop	_	_
35	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	_
36	entirely	entirely	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	_
37	naked	naked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
39	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
40	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	nsubj	_	_
41	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
42	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	43	det	_	_
43	shame	shame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take away** | past · perfect · passive | the Wood Sprite | this maiden |  |  | now | away *property* | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **live** | past · perfect | the Wood Sprite *not said here* |  |  |  | year | with maiden | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with he=Location |
| 3 | **enclose** | past · perfect · passive |  | Russia |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme |
| 4 | **cut off** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 5 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | entirely, naked *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **have** | past | Russia | no shame |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shame=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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