---
title: So the dragon and Iváshko went up to the stone, and the dragon comma… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: So the dragon and Iváshko went up to the stone, and the dragon commanded him to lift the stone up, and Iváshko thrust the stone, and it flew up from its bed like a feather, as though it were not there, and revealed an aperture in the earth, with a rope ladder. Who acts: dragon, stone. A sentence of 
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 27, sentence 55

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
So the dragon and Iváshko went up to the stone, and the dragon commanded him to lift the stone up, and Iváshko thrust the stone, and it flew up from its bed like a feather, as though it were not there, and revealed an aperture in the earth, with a rope ladder.

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**Who acts:** dragon, stone · **What happens:** go up, command, lift up, fly up, not be, reveal · **To what, where:** Iváshko thrust, Iváshko, stone, bed, aperture, earth · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 27. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dragon, stone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:27:55
# text = So the dragon and Iváshko went up to the stone, and the dragon commanded him to lift the stone up, and Iváshko thrust the stone, and it flew up from its bed like a feather, as though it were not there, and revealed an aperture in the earth, with a rope ladder.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	dragon	dragon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	Iváshko	Iváshko	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	dragon	dragon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	commanded	command	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
16	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	lift	lift	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	advcl	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	up	up	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	Iváshko	Iváshko	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	thrust	thrust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
31	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
32	up	up	ADP	RP	_	31	compound:prt	_	_
33	from	from	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	35	nmod:poss	_	_
35	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
36	like	like	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	feather	feather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
40	as	as	ADV	RB	_	45	advmod	_	_
41	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	45	mark	_	_
42	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	45	nsubj	_	_
43	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	45	cop	_	_
44	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	45	advmod	_	_
45	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	31	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
47	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	48	cc	_	_
48	revealed	reveal	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
49	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
50	aperture	aperture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	obj	_	_
51	in	in	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
52	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	53	det	_	_
53	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	58	punct	_	_
55	with	with	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
56	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	58	det	_	_
57	rope	rope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	58	compound	_	_
58	ladder	ladder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go up** | past | the dragon and Iváshko | Iváshko thrust |  |  |  | to the stone; the stone *obl* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **command** | past | the dragon | Iváshko |  |  |  |  | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 3 | **lift up** | to-infinitive | the dragon *not said here* | the stone |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Theme |
| 4 | **fly up** | past | stone |  |  | stone's bed |  | like a feather | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from bed=Trajectory |
| 5 | **not** **is** | past | stone |  |  |  |  | there *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **reveal** | past | the dragon and Iváshko *not said here* | a aperture |  | the earth |  | with a rope ladder | vn confess-37.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aperture=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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