---
title: “Iváshko,” said the dragon, “go down that ladder; and I will let you… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: “Iváshko,” said the dragon, “go down that ladder; and I will let you down into the three kingdoms, and in each of them you will see a fair maiden.” Who acts: Iváshko, each. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 27, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every c
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 27, sentence 56

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“Iváshko,” said the dragon, “go down that ladder; and I will let you down into the three kingdoms, and in each of them you will see a fair maiden.”

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**Who acts:** Iváshko, each · **What happens:** say, go down, let down, see · **To what, where:** dragon, ladder, you, three kingdoms, fair maiden · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 27. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iváshko, each), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:27:56
# text = “Iváshko,” said the dragon, “go down that ladder; and I will let you down into the three kingdoms, and in each of them you will see a fair maiden.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Iváshko	Iváshko	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	dragon	dragon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
11	down	down	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	13	det	_	_
13	ladder	ladder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
19	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	down	down	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	_
21	into	into	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	24	nummod	_	_
24	kingdoms	kingdom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	33	nsubj	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nmod	_	_
31	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	_
32	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
33	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	parataxis	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	maiden	maiden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	33	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Iváshko | the dragon |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go down** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | that ladder |  |  |  | down *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 3 | **let down** *in a quote* | future | Iváshko | you |  | the three kingdoms |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |
| 4 | **see** *in a quote* | future | each of kingdoms | a fair maiden |  |  |  | you *nsubj* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer maiden=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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