---
title: He went down farther, and he then came across a tiny old man, who sa… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: He went down farther, and he then came across a tiny old man, who sat on a tree stem and had a long white beard. Who acts: Iváshko, tiny old man. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 27, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 27, sentence 92

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He went down farther, and he then came across a tiny old man, who sat on a tree stem and had a long white beard.

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**Who acts:** Iváshko, tiny old man · **What happens:** go down, come, sit, have · **To what, where:** tree stem, long white beard

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 27. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iváshko, tiny old man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:27:92
# text = He went down farther, and he then came across a tiny old man, who sat on a tree stem and had a long white beard.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	down	down	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	farther	far	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	9	advmod	_	_
9	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	across	across	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
17	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
18	on	on	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	stem	stem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
25	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
26	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go down** | past | Iváshko |  |  |  |  | down, far *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **come** | past | Iváshko |  |  |  | then | across a tiny old man | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme across man=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **sit** | past | a tiny old man |  |  | a tree stem |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on stem=Location |
| 4 | **have** | past | a tiny old man *not said here* | a long white beard |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beard=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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