---
title: After some months the merchant made ready to sail to foreign lands,… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: After some months the merchant made ready to sail to foreign lands, and he loaded his ship with goods and he bade his son look after the house well and attend to business duly. Who acts: merchant. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 28, with its dependency tree and t
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 28, sentence 20

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After some months the merchant made ready to sail to foreign lands, and he loaded his ship with goods and he bade his son look after the house well and attend to business duly.

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**Who acts:** merchant · **What happens:** make, sail, load, bade, look, attend · **To what, where:** foreign lands, ship, son

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 28. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (merchant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:28:20
# text = After some months the merchant made ready to sail to foreign lands, and he loaded his ship with goods and he bade his son look after the house well and attend to business duly.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
3	months	month	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	merchant	merchant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	sail	sail	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	loaded	load	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	16	obl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	bade	bade	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
24	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	xcomp	_	_
27	after	after	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
30	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	26	advmod	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	attend	attend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	conj	_	_
33	to	to	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	business	business	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
35	duly	duly	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the merchant |  |  |  | month | ready *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **sail** | to-infinitive | the merchant *not said here* |  |  | foreign lands |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent to land=Trajectory |
| 3 | **load** | past | merchant | merchant's ship |  |  |  | with goods | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent ship=Destination with goods=Theme |
| 4 | **bade** | past | merchant | merchant's son |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **look** | infinitive | merchant *not said here* |  |  |  | after the house | well *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 6 | **attend** | infinitive | merchant *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to business; duly *property* | vn caring-75.2-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent to business=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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