--- title: As he came back from the shop, the merchant’s son went into the stab… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics description: As he came back from the shop, the merchant’s son went into the stable and saw that his foal was standing in tears, and so he stroked him and asked, “Why, my good horse, do you weep? Who acts: stepson, son, foal, you. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 28, with its --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/28/35/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Russian Folk-Tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/) / [Opening, part 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/28/) / 35 # Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 28, sentence 35 As he came back from the shop, the merchant’s son went into the stable and saw that his foal was standing in tears, and so he stroked him and asked, “Why, my good horse, do you weep? **Who acts:** stepson, son, foal, you · **What happens:** come back, go, see, stand, stroke, ask · **To what, where:** shop, stable, tears, son · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 28. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stepson, son, foal, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg62509:28:35 # text = As he came back from the shop, the merchant’s son went into the stable and saw that his foal was standing in tears, and so he stroked him and asked, “Why, my good horse, do you weep? 1 As as SCONJ IN _ 3 mark _ _ 2 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 advcl _ _ 4 back back ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 5 from from ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 shop shop NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 8 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 merchant merchant NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 11 ’s 's PART POS _ 10 case _ _ 12 son son NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _ 13 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 14 into into ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 stable stable NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 conj _ _ 19 that that SCONJ IN _ 23 mark _ _ 20 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ _ 21 foal foal NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 22 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 aux _ _ 23 standing stand VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 18 ccomp _ _ 24 in in ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 tears tear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 26 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 28 so so ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 29 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj _ _ 30 stroked stroke VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 parataxis _ _ 31 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 obj _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 33 asked ask VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 30 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 34 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 35 “ " PUNCT `` _ 44 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 36 Why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 42 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 37 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 38 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 40 nmod:poss _ _ 39 good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ _ 40 horse horse NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 41 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 42 do do AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 44 aux _ _ 43 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 44 nsubj _ _ 44 weep weep VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 33 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 45 ? ? PUNCT . _ 13 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come back** | past | stepson | | | the shop | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from shop=Initial\_Location | | 2 | **go** | past | the merchant's son | | | the stable | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into stable=Initial\_Location | | 3 | **see** | past | the merchant's son *not said here* | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 4 | **stand** | past · progressive | stepson's foal | | | tears | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in tear=Location | | 5 | **stroke** | past | stepson | son | | | | | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Experiencer | | 6 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | stepson *not said here* | | | | | | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 7 | **weep** *in a quote* | present · do-support | you | | | | | | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 34](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/28/34/) - next →: [sentence 36](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/28/36/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/28/)