---
title: Iván the merchant’s son never let his stepmother know that he saw th… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Iván the merchant’s son never let his stepmother know that he saw through her spite, and set out next day to the shop, whilst the stepmother went to see the soothsayer. Who acts: Iván son, stepmother, son. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 28, with its dependency t
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 28, sentence 41

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Iván the merchant’s son never let his stepmother know that he saw through her spite, and set out next day to the shop, whilst the stepmother went to see the soothsayer.

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**Who acts:** Iván son, stepmother, son · **What happens:** not let, know, see, set out, go, spite · **To what, where:** spite, shop, soothsayer · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 28. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iván son, stepmother, son), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:28:41
# text = Iván the merchant’s son never let his stepmother know that he saw through her spite, and set out next day to the shop, whilst the stepmother went to see the soothsayer.
1	Iván	Iván	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	merchant	merchant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	’s	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	stepmother	stepmother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	_
11	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	ccomp	_	_
14	through	through	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	spite	spite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	set	set	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
20	out	out	ADP	RP	_	19	compound:prt	_	_
21	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl:unmarked	_	_
23	to	to	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
27	whilst	whilst	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	stepmother	stepmother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nsubj	_	_
30	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
31	to	to	PART	TO	_	32	mark	_	_
32	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	xcomp	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	soothsayer	soothsayer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **let** | infinitive | the merchant's Iván son |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **know** | present | son's stepmother |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **see** | past | son |  |  | stepmother's spite |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **set out** | infinitive | the merchant's Iván son *not said here* |  |  | the shop | day |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to shop=Initial\_Location |
| 5 | **go** | past | the stepmother |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 6 | **see** | to-infinitive | the stepmother *not said here* | the soothsayer |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer soothsayer=Stimulus |
| 7 | **spite** |  | stepmother |  |  |  |  |  | nom spite «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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