--- title: In the evening, as he went home, the merchant’s son went into the st… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics description: In the evening, as he went home, the merchant’s son went into the stable; and once more the foal was standing on tip-toes and in tears; and he struck him on the haunches and said, “Why, my good horse, do you weep? Who acts: son, foal, you. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Openi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/28/43/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Russian Folk-Tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/) / [Opening, part 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/28/) / 43 # Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 28, sentence 43 In the evening, as he went home, the merchant’s son went into the stable; and once more the foal was standing on tip-toes and in tears; and he struck him on the haunches and said, “Why, my good horse, do you weep? **Who acts:** son, foal, you · **What happens:** go, stand, strike, say, weep · **To what, where:** stable, tip toes, merchant · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 28. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (son, foal, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg62509:28:43 # text = In the evening, as he went home, the merchant’s son went into the stable; and once more the foal was standing on tip-toes and in tears; and he struck him on the haunches and said, “Why, my good horse, do you weep? 1 In in ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 evening evening NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 4 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 5 as as SCONJ IN _ 7 mark _ _ 6 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _ 7 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 home home ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 9 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 merchant merchant NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 12 ’s 's PART POS _ 11 case _ _ 13 son son NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 14 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 15 into into ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 stable stable NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 18 ; ; PUNCT : _ 25 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 20 once once ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult 21 advmod _ _ 21 more more ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 25 advmod _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 foal foal NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ _ 24 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 25 aux _ _ 25 standing stand VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 7 advcl _ _ 26 on on ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 27 tip tip NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 28 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 27 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 29 toes toe NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obl _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 31 in in ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 tears tear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 33 ; ; PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 34 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 35 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 nsubj _ _ 36 struck strike VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 37 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 obj _ _ 38 on on ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 39 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 40 haunches haunch NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 obl _ _ 41 and and CCONJ CC _ 42 cc _ _ 42 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 36 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 43 , , PUNCT , _ 53 punct _ _ 44 “ " PUNCT `` _ 53 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 45 Why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 53 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 46 , , PUNCT , _ 49 punct _ _ 47 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 49 nmod:poss _ _ 48 good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 49 amod _ _ 49 horse horse NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 50 , , PUNCT , _ 49 punct _ _ 51 do do AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 53 aux _ _ 52 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 53 nsubj _ _ 53 weep weep VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 42 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 54 ? ? PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **go** | past | son | | | | evening | home *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **go** | past | the merchant's son | | | the stable | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into stable=Initial\_Location | | 3 | **stand** | past · progressive | the foal | | | tip toes and tears | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on toe=Location | | 4 | **strike** | past | son | merchant | | | | on the haunches | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent he=Instrument on haunch=Patient | | 5 | **say** *speech: ask* | past | son *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 6 | **weep** *in a quote* | present · do-support | you | | | | | | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 42](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/28/42/) - next →: [sentence 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/28/44/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/28/)