---
title: Iván the merchant’s son mounted his horse, leapt into the open field… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Iván the merchant’s son mounted his horse, leapt into the open field, and went and diverted himself with his friends and companions. Who acts: Iván son. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 28, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 28, sentence 79

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Iván the merchant’s son mounted his horse, leapt into the open field, and went and diverted himself with his friends and companions.

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**Who acts:** Iván son · **What happens:** mount, leapt, go, divert · **To what, where:** horse, open field, son

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 28. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iván son), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:28:79
# text = Iván the merchant’s son mounted his horse, leapt into the open field, and went and diverted himself with his friends and companions.
1	Iván	Iván	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	merchant	merchant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	’s	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	mounted	mount	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	leapt	leapt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
11	into	into	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	diverted	divert	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
20	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	19	obj	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	companions	companion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mount** | past | the merchant's Iván son | son's horse |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Patient |
| 2 | **leapt** | infinitive | the merchant's Iván son *not said here* |  |  | the open field |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **go** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **divert** | past |  | son |  |  |  | with son's friends and companions | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus himself=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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