---
title: The merchant’s son went out into the open field, into the wide plain… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The merchant’s son went out into the open field, into the wide plains, and he saw horned cattle grazing in front of him. Who acts: son, horned cattle. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 28, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 28, sentence 83

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The merchant’s son went out into the open field, into the wide plains, and he saw horned cattle grazing in front of him.

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**Who acts:** son, horned cattle · **What happens:** go out, see, graze · **To what, where:** open field, horned cattle, front

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 28. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (son, horned cattle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:28:83
# text = The merchant’s son went out into the open field, into the wide plains, and he saw horned cattle grazing in front of him.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	merchant	merchant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	’s	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	out	out	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	into	into	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	plains	plain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
20	horned	horned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
22	grazing	graze	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	21	acl	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go out** | past | the merchant's son |  |  | the open field |  | into the wide plains; out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **see** | past | son | horned cattle |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cattle=Stimulus |
| 3 | **graze** | gerund | horned cattle *not said here* |  |  | front of son |  |  | vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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