---
title: “Out of joy,” he said; for he feared to tell her the truth that he m… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: “Out of joy,” he said; for he feared to tell her the truth that he must give up the Tsarévich. Who acts: Tsarítsa, truth. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 29, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 29, sentence 105

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“Out of joy,” he said; for he feared to tell her the truth that he must give up the Tsarévich.

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**Who acts:** Tsarítsa, truth · **What happens:** say, fear, tell, give up · **To what, where:** joy, horse, Tsarévich · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 29. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tsarítsa, truth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:29:105
# text = “Out of joy,” he said; for he feared to tell her the truth that he must give up the Tsarévich.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Out	out	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	joy	joy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	feared	fear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	iobj	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	acl:relcl	_	_
22	up	up	ADP	RP	_	21	compound:prt	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	Tsarévich	Tsarévich	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Tsarítsa |  |  | joy |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **fear** | past | Tsarítsa |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | the truth |  | horse |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent she=Recipient |
| 4 | **give up** | must | the truth |  | the Tsarévich |  |  | Tsarítsa *nsubj* | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tsarévich=Source |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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