---
title: When the Tsar saw this he was grieved, and began to weep and say, “W… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: When the Tsar saw this he was grieved, and began to weep and say, “Whatever shall I do now? how shall I collect all of this herd into such a tiny coffer?” Who acts: Tsar, I. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 29, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every 
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 29, sentence 93

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When the Tsar saw this he was grieved, and began to weep and say, “Whatever shall I do now? how shall I collect all of this herd into such a tiny coffer?”

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**Who acts:** Tsar, I · **What happens:** see, grieve, begin, weep, say, do · **To what, where:** this, eagle, Whatever, all, tiny coffer · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 29. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tsar, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:29:93
# text = When the Tsar saw this he was grieved, and began to weep and say, “Whatever shall I do now? how shall I collect all of this herd into such a tiny coffer?”
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Tsar	Tsar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
5	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	obj	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	grieved	grieve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	weep	weep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	Whatever	whatever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	21	obj	_	_
19	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
20	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	parataxis	_	_
22	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	21	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	_
24	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	27	advmod	_	_
25	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
26	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	collect	collect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	ccomp	_	_
28	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	27	obj	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	31	det	_	_
31	herd	herd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
32	into	into	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
33	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	36	det:predet	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	coffer	coffer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | the Tsar | this |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **grieve** | past · passive |  | eagle |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 3 | **begin** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **weep** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **say** *speech: ask* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 6 | **do** *in a quote* | shall | I | Whatever |  |  | now |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whatever=Eventuality |
| 7 | **collect** *in a quote* | shall | I | all of this herd |  | such tiny coffer |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent all=Material into coffer=Product |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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