---
title: The dog went on, until he saw a drove of horses, and he began to scr… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The dog went on, until he saw a drove of horses, and he began to scratch the earth with his paws and asked the cat, “Cat, O cat, are my eyes beautiful?” Who acts: dog, peasant. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ever
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 3, sentence 105

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The dog went on, until he saw a drove of horses, and he began to scratch the earth with his paws and asked the cat, “Cat, O cat, are my eyes beautiful?”

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**Who acts:** dog, peasant · **What happens:** go on, see, drive, begin, scratch, ask · **To what, where:** earth, cat, eyes · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dog, peasant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:3:105
# text = The dog went on, until he saw a drove of horses, and he began to scratch the earth with his paws and asked the cat, “Cat, O cat, are my eyes beautiful?”
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	scratch	scratch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	paws	paw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	Cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	33	discourse	_	_
33	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
35	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	37	cop	_	_
36	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	37	nmod:poss	_	_
37	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	nsubj	_	_
38	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	38	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go on** | past | the dog |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **see** | past | peasant |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **drive** | past |  |  |  |  |  | of horses | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent of horse=Trajectory |
| 4 | **begin** | past | peasant |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 5 | **scratch** | to-infinitive | peasant *not said here* | the earth |  |  |  | with peasant's paws | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent earth=Patient with paw=Instrument |
| 6 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | the dog *not said here* | cat | the cat |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent cat=Recipient |
| 7 | **is a** *in a quote* | present |  | my eyes |  |  |  | my *nmod:poss* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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