---
title: “Oh, He told me from whomsoever you take or steal you will cheat and… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: “Oh, He told me from whomsoever you take or steal you will cheat and perjure yourself; that will be your trade.” Who acts: Lord, you, that. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 3, sentence 159

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“Oh, He told me from whomsoever you take or steal you will cheat and perjure yourself; that will be your trade.”

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**Who acts:** Lord, you, that · **What happens:** tell, take, steal, cheat, perjure, be · **To what, where:** Lord, whomsoever, yourself, trade · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lord, you, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:3:159
# text = “Oh, He told me from whomsoever you take or steal you will cheat and perjure yourself; that will be your trade.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	iobj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	whomsoever	whomsoever	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	steal	steal	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	cheat	cheat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	parataxis	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	perjure	perjure	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	conj	_	_
18	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	24	nsubj	_	_
21	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
22	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	cop	_	_
23	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	24	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past | Lord |  | Lord |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent i=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **take** *in a quote* | present | you |  |  | whomsoever |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent from whomsoever=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **steal** *in a quote* | present | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **cheat** *in a quote* | future | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **perjure** *in a quote* | infinitive | you *not said here* | yourself |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **is a** *in a quote* | future | that | your trade |  |  |  | your *nmod:poss* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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