---
title: Once there lived a peasant who had a good dog, and as the dog grew o… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Once there lived a peasant who had a good dog, and as the dog grew old it left off barking and guarding the yard and the storehouses: its master would no longer nourish it, so the dog went into the wood and lay under a tree to die. Who acts: peasant, dog, master. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» b
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 3, sentence 38

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Once there lived a peasant who had a good dog, and as the dog grew old it left off barking and guarding the yard and the storehouses: its master would no longer nourish it, so the dog went into the wood and lay under a tree to die.

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**Who acts:** peasant, dog, master · **What happens:** live, have, grow, leave off, bark, guard · **To what, where:** peasant, good dog, yard, DOG, wood, tree

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (peasant, dog, master), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:3:38
# text = Once there lived a peasant who had a good dog, and as the dog grew old it left off barking and guarding the yard and the storehouses: its master would no longer nourish it, so the dog went into the wood and lay under a tree to die.
1	Once	once	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	peasant	peasant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
17	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	xcomp	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
20	off	off	ADP	RP	_	19	compound:prt	_	_
21	barking	bark	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	advcl	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	guarding	guard	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	21	conj	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	yard	yard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	storehouses	storehouse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	35	punct	_	_
30	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	master	master	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nsubj	_	_
32	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	_
33	no	no	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
34	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	35	advmod	_	_
35	nourish	nourish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	acl:relcl	_	_
36	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
38	so	so	ADV	RB	_	41	advmod	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	nsubj	_	_
41	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	35	conj	_	_
42	into	into	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	_
45	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
46	lay	lay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	35	conj	_	_
47	under	under	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
48	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
49	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	obl	_	_
50	to	to	PART	TO	_	51	mark	_	_
51	die	die	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	46	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past |  | a peasant |  | there |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme peasant=Location |
| 2 | **have** | past | a peasant | a good dog |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Patient |
| 3 | **grow** | past | the dog |  |  |  |  | old *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **leave off** | past | DOG |  |  |  |  | the storehouses *conj* | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **bark** | gerund | DOG *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **guard** | gerund | DOG *not said here* | the yard |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yard=Beneficiary |
| 7 | **nourish** | would | DOG's master | DOG |  |  |  | long *property* | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 8 | **go** | past | the dog |  |  | the wood |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into wood=Initial\_Location |
| 9 | **lay** | infinitive | DOG's master *not said here* |  |  | a tree |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent under tree=Destination |
| 10 | **die** | to-infinitive | DOG's master *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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