---
title: “Your Imperial Majesty, we saw no one on the road; we only saw a she… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: “Your Imperial Majesty, we saw no one on the road; we only saw a shepherd feeding a little sheep.” Who acts: Imperial Majesty, we, shepherd. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 30, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 30, sentence 105

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“Your Imperial Majesty, we saw no one on the road; we only saw a shepherd feeding a little sheep.”

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**Who acts:** Imperial Majesty, we, shepherd · **What happens:** see, feed · **To what, where:** one, road, shepherd, little sheep

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 30. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Imperial Majesty, we, shepherd), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:30:105
# text = “Your Imperial Majesty, we saw no one on the road; we only saw a shepherd feeding a little sheep.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	Imperial	imperial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	Majesty	Majesty	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	9	det	_	_
9	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
14	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	only	only	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	shepherd	shepherd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	feeding	feed	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	acl	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** *in a quote* | past | Your Imperial Majesty | no one |  | the road |  | we *nsubj* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer one=Stimulus |
| 2 | **see** *in a quote* | past | we | a shepherd |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer shepherd=Stimulus |
| 3 | **feed** *in a quote* | gerund | a shepherd *not said here* |  | a little sheep |  |  |  | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sheep=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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