---
title: I have been working for forty years in this church; not one bird has… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: I have been working for forty years in this church; not one bird has flown by, not one beast has rambled by.” Who acts: I. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 30, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 30, sentence 116

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I have been working for forty years in this church; not one bird has flown by, not one beast has rambled by.”

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**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** work, not fly by, not ramble · **To what, where:** one bird, one beast

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 30. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:30:116
# text = I have been working for forty years in this church; not one bird has flown by, not one beast has rambled by.”
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	aux	_	_
4	working	work	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	forty	forty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
13	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	flown	fly	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	23	advmod	_	_
20	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	21	nummod	_	_
21	beast	beast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	rambled	ramble	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	conj	_	_
24	by	by	ADP	IN	_	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | present · perfect · progressive | I |  |  |  | year | in this church | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in church=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **fly by** | present · perfect · passive |  | one bird |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **ramble** | present · perfect · passive |  | one beast |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Trajectory |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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